What Are Neodymium Magnets?

Neodymium magnets are permanent magnets made from an alloy of Neodymium, Iron, and Boron, with the Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase as the main magnetic phase. They are also commonly referred to as Neo magnets or NdFeB magnets, and are often grouped under the broader category of rare earth magnets.

Although Neodymium magnets can also be found in bonded and hot-pressed forms, the term “Neodymium magnets” in most industrial and commercial contexts usually refers to sintered Neodymium magnets because of their outstanding magnetic performance and dominant market share.

Because of their exceptionally strong magnetic performance, Neodymium magnets are widely used in PM motors, consumer electronics, industrial automation, and many other demanding applications.

How Are Neodymium Magnets Made?

Neodymium magnets are manufactured through powder metallurgy. The process begins with producing the alloy by vacuum melting and strip-casting. The resulting alloy flake is then converted into coarse powder by hydrogen decrepitation and further refined by jet milling into fine powder.

The fine powder is filled into molds and pressed while a magnetic field is applied to orient the particles. The compacted green body is then sintered in a vacuum furnace. After sintering, the blanks are machined to the required shapes, surface treated, and magnetized for use.

See how Neodymium magnets are made in detail.

Key Magnetic Properties and Grades of Neodymium Magnets

Neodymium magnets are available in a wide range of grades with different magnetic characteristics. Their performance is commonly evaluated by parameters such as remanence, coercivity, intrinsic coercivity, and maximum energy product. In practice, selecting the right Neodymium grade depends on the required magnetic output, operating temperature, and application design.

The grade of Neodymium magnets is typically specified by the letter N, a number, and one or two suffix letters. In general, the number indicates the maximum energy product, while the suffix letters are related to intrinsic coercivity and temperature capability. For some grain boundary diffused Neodymium magnets, a prefix such as G may also be used to indicate the manufacturing feature.

Neodymium Magnetic Properties Chart

Grade	Remanence Br		Coercivity Hcb		Intrinsic Coercivity Hcj		Max. Energy Product (BH)max		Max. Working Temperature
Grade	T	kGs	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	kOe	kJ/m³	MGOe	℃
N30	1.08-1.13	10.8-11.3	≥798	≥10.0	≥955	≥12	223-247	28-31	80
N33	1.13-1.17	11.3-11.7	≥836	≥10.5	≥955	≥12	247-271	31-34	80
N35	1.17-1.22	11.7-12.2	≥868	≥10.9	≥955	≥12	263-287	33-36	80
N38	1.22-1.25	12.2-12.5	≥899	≥11.3	≥955	≥12	287-310	36-39	80
N40	1.25-1.28	12.5-12.8	≥907	≥11.4	≥955	≥12	302-326	38-41	80
N42	1.28-1.32	12.8-13.2	≥915	≥11.5	≥955	≥12	318-342	40-43	80
N45	1.32-1.38	13.2-13.8	≥923	≥11.6	≥955	≥12	342-366	43-46	80
N48	1.38-1.42	13.8-14.2	≥923	≥11.6	≥955	≥12	366-390	46-49	80
N50	1.40-1.45	14.0-14.5	≥796	≥10.0	≥876	≥11	382-406	48-51	80
N52	1.43-1.48	14.3-14.8	≥796	≥10.0	≥876	≥11	398-422	50-53	80
N55	1.46-1.52	14.6-15.2	≥796	≥10.0	≥876	≥11	414-430	52-54	80
N35M	1.17-1.22	11.7-12.2	≥868	≥10.9	≥1114	≥14	263-287	33-36	100
N38M	1.22-1.25	12.2-12.5	≥899	≥11.3	≥1114	≥14	287-310	36-39	100
N40M	1.25-1.28	12.5-12.8	≥923	≥11.6	≥1114	≥14	302-326	38-41	100
N42M	1.28-1.32	12.8-13.2	≥955	≥12.0	≥1114	≥14	318-342	40-43	100
N45M	1.32-1.38	13.2-13.8	≥995	≥12.5	≥1114	≥14	342-366	43-46	100
N48M	1.37-1.43	13.7-14.3	≥1027	≥12.9	≥1114	≥14	366-390	46-49	100
N50M	1.40-1.45	14.0-14.5	≥1033	≥13.0	≥1114	≥14	382-406	48-51	100
N52M	1.43-1.48	14.3-14.8	≥1050	≥13.2	≥1114	≥14	398-422	50-53	100
N54M	1.45-1.50	14.5-15.0	≥1051	≥13.2	≥1114	≥14	414-438	52-55	100
N35H	1.17-1.22	11.7-12.2	≥868	≥10.9	≥1353	≥17	263-287	33-36	120
N38H	1.22-1.25	12.2-12.5	≥899	≥11.3	≥1353	≥17	287-310	36-39	120
N40H	1.25-1.28	12.5-12.8	≥923	≥11.6	≥1353	≥17	302-326	38-41	120
N42H	1.28-1.32	12.8-13.2	≥955	≥12.0	≥1353	≥17	318-342	40-43	120
N45H	1.32-1.36	13.2-13.6	≥963	≥12.1	≥1353	≥17	342-366	43-46	120
N48H	1.37-1.43	13.7-14.3	≥995	≥12.5	≥1353	≥17	366-390	46-49	120
N50H	1.40-1.45	14.0-14.5	≥1011	≥12.7	≥1353	≥17	382-406	48-51	120
N52H	1.43-1.48	14.3-14.8	≥1027	≥12.9	≥1353	≥17	398-422	50-53	120
N35SH	1.17-1.22	11.7-12.2	≥876	≥11.0	≥1592	≥20	263-287	33-36	150
N38SH	1.22-1.25	12.2-12.5	≥907	≥11.4	≥1592	≥20	287-310	36-39	150
N40SH	1.25-1.28	12.5-12.8	≥939	≥11.8	≥1592	≥20	302-326	38-41	150
N42SH	1.28-1.32	12.8-13.2	≥987	≥12.4	≥1592	≥20	318-342	40-43	150
N45SH	1.32-1.38	13.2-13.8	≥1003	≥12.6	≥1592	≥20	342-366	43-46	150
N48SH	1.37-1.43	13.7-14.3	≥1027	≥12.9	≥1592	≥20	366-390	46-49	150
N50SH	1.40-1.45	14.0-14.5	≥1003	≥12.6	≥1592	≥20	382-406	48-51	150
N28UH	1.04-1.08	10.4-10.8	≥764	≥9.6	≥1990	≥25	207-231	26-29	180
N30UH	1.08-1.13	10.8-11.3	≥812	≥10.2	≥1990	≥25	223-247	28-31	180
N33UH	1.13-1.17	11.3-11.7	≥852	≥10.7	≥1990	≥25	247-271	31-34	180
N35UH	1.17-1.22	11.7-12.2	≥860	≥10.8	≥1990	≥25	263-287	33-36	180
N38UH	1.22-1.25	12.2-12.5	≥876	≥11.0	≥1990	≥25	287-310	36-39	180
N40UH	1.25-1.28	12.5-12.8	≥899	≥11.3	≥1990	≥25	302-326	38-41	180
N42UH	1.28-1.32	12.8-13.2	≥899	≥11.3	≥1990	≥25	318-342	40-43	180
N45UH	1.32-1.36	13.2-13.6	≥908	≥11.4	≥1990	≥25	342-366	43-46	180
N48UH	1.37-1.43	13.7-14.3	≥908	≥11.4	≥1990	≥25	366-390	46-49	180
N28EH	1.04-1.08	10.4-10.8	≥780	≥9.8	≥2388	≥30	207-231	26-29	200
N30EH	1.08-1.13	10.8-11.3	≥812	≥10.2	≥2388	≥30	223-247	28-31	200
N33EH	1.13-1.17	11.3-11.7	≥836	≥10.5	≥2388	≥30	247-271	31-34	200
N35EH	1.17-1.22	11.7-12.2	≥876	≥11.0	≥2388	≥30	263-287	33-36	200
N38EH	1.22-1.25	12.2-12.5	≥899	≥11.3	≥2388	≥30	287-310	36-39	200
N40EH	1.25-1.28	12.5-12.8	≥899	≥11.3	≥2388	≥30	302-326	38-41	200
N42EH	1.28-1.32	12.8-13.2	≥899	≥11.3	≥2388	≥30	318-342	40-43	200
N45EH	1.32-1.36	13.2-13.6	≥899	≥11.3	≥2388	≥30	342-366	43-46	200
N28AH	1.04-1.08	10.4-10.8	≥787	≥9.9	≥2786	≥35	207-231	26-29	230
N30AH	1.08-1.13	10.8-11.3	≥819	≥10.3	≥2786	≥35	223-247	28-31	230
N33AH	1.13-1.17	11.3-11.7	≥843	≥10.6	≥2786	≥35	247-271	31-34	230
N35AH	1.17-1.22	11.7-12.2	≥876	≥11.0	≥2786	≥35	263-287	33-36	230
N38AH	1.22-1.25	12.2-12.5	≥899	≥11.3	≥2786	≥35	287-310	36-39	230
The above-mentioned data of magnetic properties and physical properties are given at room temperature. The max working temperature of magnet is changeable due to length-diameter ratio, coating thickness and other environment factors.

Grain Boundary Diffused Neodymium Magnetic Properties Chart

Grade	Remanence Br				Coercivity Hcb				Intrinsic Coercivity Hcj		Max. Energy Product (BH)max				Max. Operating Temperature
	Typ.		Min.		Typ.		Min.		Min.		Typ.		Min.		Max. Operating Temperature
	T	kGs	T	kGs	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	kOe	kA/m	kOe	kJ/m³	MGOe	kJ/m³	MGOe	℃
G54H	1.47	14.7	1.45	14.5	1136	14.3	1109	13.9	1353	17	430	54	414	52	120
G52H	1.44	14.4	1.43	14.3	1113	14	1090	13.7	1353	17	414	52	398	50	120
G54SH	1.47	14.7	1.45	14.5	1136	14.3	1109	13.9	1592	20	430	54	414	52	150
G52SH	1.44	14.4	1.43	14.3	1113	14	1090	13.7	1592	20	414	52	398	50	150
G50SH	1.42	14.2	1.4	14	1097	13.8	1071	13.5	1592	20	398	50	382	48	150
G48SH	1.39	13.9	1.37	13.7	1074	13.5	1048	13.2	1592	20	382	48	366	46	150
G45SH	1.35	13.5	1.33	13.3	1043	13.1	1018	12.8	1592	20	358	45	342	43	150
G52UH	1.44	14.4	1.43	14.3	1113	14	1090	13.7	1990	25	414	52	398	50	180
G50UH	1.42	14.2	1.4	14	1097	13.8	1071	13.5	1990	25	398	50	382	48	180
G48UH	1.39	13.9	1.37	13.7	1074	13.5	1048	13.2	1990	25	382	48	366	46	180
G45UH	1.35	13.5	1.33	13.3	1043	13.1	1018	12.8	1990	25	358	45	342	43	180
G42UH	1.31	13.1	1.29	12.9	1012	12.7	987	12.4	1990	25	334	42	318	40	180
G40UH	1.28	12.8	1.26	12.6	989	12.4	964	12.1	1990	25	318	40	303	38	180
G48EH	1.39	13.9	1.37	13.7	1074	13.5	1048	13.2	2389	30	382	48	366	46	200
G45EH	1.35	13.5	1.33	13.3	1043	13.1	1018	12.8	2389	30	358	45	342	43	200
G42EH	1.31	13.1	1.29	12.9	1012	12.7	987	12.2	2389	30	334	42	318	40	200
G40EH	1.28	12.8	1.26	12.6	989	12.4	964	12.1	2389	30	318	40	303	38	200
G38EH	1.25	12.5	1.23	12.3	966	12.1	941	11.8	2389	30	302	38	287	36	200
G35EH	1.2	12	1.18	11.8	927	11.7	903	11.3	2389	30	279	35	263	33	200
G45AH	1.35	13.5	1.33	13.3	1043	13.1	1018	12.8	2787	35	358	45	342	43	220
G42AH	1.31	13.1	1.29	12.9	1012	12.7	987	12.4	2787	35	334	42	318	40	220
G40AH	1.28	12.8	1.26	12.6	989	12.4	964	12.1	2787	35	318	40	303	38	220
G38AH	1.25	12.5	1.23	12.3	966	12.1	941	11.8	2787	35	302	38	287	36	220
G35AH	1.2	12	1.18	11.8	927	11.7	903	11.3	2787	35	279	35	263	33	220
G33AH	1.16	11.6	1.14	11.4	986	11.3	872	11	2787	35	263	33	247	31	220
G30AH	1.1	11	1.08	10.8	850	10.7	826	10.4	2787	35	239	30	223	28	220

The above-mentioned data of magnetic properties and physical properties are given at room temperature.
The max working temperature of magnet is changeable due to length-diameter ratio, coating thickness and other environment factors.

See the full magnetic properties of Neodymium magnets.

For projects concerned with Dy- or Tb-related supply considerations, see our page on HRE-free Neodymium magnets.

Temperature Resistance and Maximum Operating Temperature of Neodymium Magnets

The magnetic performance of Neodymium magnets is strongly affected by temperature, so temperature resistance is one of the most important factors in magnet selection. In practical applications, elevated temperature may cause irreversible demagnetization if the material grade and working conditions are not properly matched.

For Neodymium magnets, maximum operating temperature depends not only on intrinsic coercivity and grade, but also on magnetic circuit design, magnet geometry, and the resulting permeance coefficient (Pc). This is why the same magnet grade may show different temperature performance under different application conditions.

Physical Properties of Neodymium Magnets

In addition to magnetic and chemical properties, the long-term working stability of Neodymium magnets is also influenced by their physical properties, including mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics. These properties affect not only machinability, but also the reliability of Neodymium magnets in practical applications.

From a mechanical point of view, Neodymium magnets are hard and brittle materials, so their strength and resistance to cracking should be considered during machining, assembly, and service. In terms of electrical and thermal behavior, their relatively low electrical resistivity can lead to eddy current loss in rotary machinery, while thermal expansion may cause dimensional change and stress when the magnets are combined with other assembly materials.

See the full physical properties of Neodymium magnets.

Common Shapes of Neodymium Magnets

Neodymium Arc Magnets

Neodymium Bar Magnets

Neodymium Block Magnets

Neodymium Countersunk Magnets

Neodymium Disc Magnets

Neodymium Ring Magnets

Neodymium Rod Magnets

Neodymium Sphere Magnets

Surface Treatment of Neodymium Magnets

Neodymium magnets usually require surface treatment because their corrosion resistance is limited. In humid or corrosive environments, the Nd-rich phase in the microstructure is more vulnerable to oxidation, so protective surface treatment is commonly used to improve durability and service reliability.

In practice, different surface treatments are selected according to the required corrosion resistance, appearance, thickness, and application environment. Common options such as Nickel, Zinc, epoxy, and parylene are widely used for Neodymium magnets, while the overall anti-corrosion performance is also influenced by the shape and size of the magnet.

Surface Treatment Options for Neodymium Magnets

Coating	Thickness (μm)	Color	SST (hrs)	PCT (hrs)	Characteristics
BW-Zn	4-15	Bright blue	≥24	–	Second most commonly used single-layer coating. Poor corrosion resistance.
Color-Zn	4-15	Shining color	≥48	–	Corrosion resistance is better than BW-Zn.
Ni-Cu-Ni	5-20	Bright silver	≥48	≥48	Most commonly used multi-layer coating. Excellent humidity and salt spray resistance.
Electroless Ni	5-20	Dark silver	≥72	≥48	Excellent humidity and salt spray resistance with uniform appearance.
Ni-Cu-Ni-Au	5-20	Golden	≥72	≥96	Excellent electrical conductivity and decorative performance.
Ni-Cu-Ni-Ag	5-20	Silver	≥72	≥96	Excellent electrical conductivity and decorative performance.
Ni-Cu-Ni-Sn	5-20	Silver	≥72	≥96	Excellent humidity resistance.
Phosphate	1-3	Dark grey	–	–	Temporary protection.
Aluminum	2-15	Bright silver	≥24	≥24	Noticeable coating.
Epoxy resin	10-30	Black/Grey	≥72	≥72	Excellent humidity and salt spray resistance. Superior binding force.
Parylene	5-20	Colorless	≥96	–	Excellent humidity, salt spray, corrosive vapors, and solvents resistance. Pore free.
Everlube	10-15	Golden yellow	≥120	≥72	Excellent humidity resistance.
Teflon	8-15	Black	≥24	≥24	High temperature and rub resistance. Self-lubricating and 100% water-proof.
Note: anti-corrosion capability is also influenced by the shape and size of magnet.

See more about the surface treatment of Neodymium magnets.

Magnetization Directions of Neodymium Magnets

Most permanent magnets need to be magnetized before they can be used in their final applications. Magnetization refers to applying an external magnetic field in a specified direction so that the magnet reaches magnetic saturation.

Because Neodymium magnets have relatively high coercivity, they require a stronger external magnetic field for saturation. In practice, fast impulse magnetization is commonly used for Neodymium magnets, and the achievable magnetization pattern depends greatly on the design of the magnetizing fixture.

As anisotropic magnets, Neodymium magnets have a preferred magnetization direction. Different pole configurations can be achieved as long as they do not conflict with the preset orientation direction.

Axial Magnetization

Axial Multipole Magnetization

Diametrical Magnetization

Diametrical Multipole Magnetization

Skewed Magnetization

Radial Magnetization

Programmable Magnetization

Applications of Neodymium Magnets

Neodymium magnets are widely used in applications that require very strong magnetic performance in limited space. Because of their high magnetic output, they are especially suitable for products and systems where compact size, high efficiency, and reliable magnetic force are important.

They are commonly found in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, industrial automation equipment, wind power systems, magnetic separation equipment, and many other demanding applications.

Electric Vehicles

Consumer Electronics

Industrial Automation

Wind Power Systems

Magnetic Separation Equipment

Humanoid Robots

How to Choose the Right Neodymium Magnet

Choosing the right Neodymium magnet depends on several factors, including the required magnetic output, operating temperature, magnet shape, dimensional requirements, magnetization direction, and corrosion environment. In many cases, magnetic performance, temperature capability, coating selection, and cost target should be considered together during the selection process.

It is also important to determine the suitable grade, shape, and surface treatment according to the actual application conditions. In practice, factors such as magnetic circuit design, magnet geometry, and assembly method may all influence the final performance of Neodymium magnets.

If you need help selecting the right grade, shape, coating, or magnetization direction, feel free to contact us for technical support and product recommendations.

See the price trend of Neodymium magnets.

For more details on long-term stability, see how long Neodymium magnets last.