Magnetic Unit Converter

However, magnetic flux density is precisely what it sounds like, the total number of magnetic field lines in a given area. Technically, one Gauss can be defined as being one Maxwell of magnetic flux in a square centimeter of surface area. The relationship between magnetic flux density (B) and magnetic field strength (H) is mathematically expressed as B=μH, where μ represents magnetic permeability.

Magnetic flux density is a vector field, indicating that it possesses both magnitude and direction at each point in space. The unit of measurement for magnetic flux density is the Weber per square meter, denoted as Tesla (T) in the International System of Units (SI). In the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system, the magnetic flux density is measured in Gauss (Gs). Notably, 1 Tesla is equivalent to 10000 Gauss.

In 1820, the Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted discovered that a wire carrying current is able to deflect nearby magnetic needle, thus confirming the basic relationship between electricity and magnetism. It has been proved by practice that magnetic field strength generated around an infinite wire carrying current is proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance from the wire. Magnetic field strength is typically defined as the vector H.

Magnetic field strength of an infinite wire which carries 1 Ampere current at a distance of 1/(2π) meter from the wire can be defined as 1 Ampere per meter, A/m (SI unit). In honor of contributions of Hans Christian Oersted on electromagnetism, magnetic field strength of an infinite wire which carries 1 Ampere current at a distance of 0.2 centimeter from the wire is also defined as 1 Oersted, Oe (CGS unit). Notably, 1 Oe is equivalent to 1/(4π)x10³A/m.

Each point on the normal curve or B-H curve has a value of B and its corresponding value of H. Consequently, there exists a product of B·H for each point on the curve, known as the energy product. The point where the product of B·H is maximum is termed the maximum energy point and the value of B·H at this point is the maximum energy product (BH)max. (BH)max is a single number that describe the magnetic energy stored in a permanent magnet and generally used to denote grade.

(BH)max is expressed in kiloJoule per cubic meter, kJ/m³ (SI unit) or MegaGauss·Oersted, MGOe (CGS unit). 1 MGOe is equivalent to 7.958 kJ/m³. Notably, 1 MGOe is equivalent to 7.958 kJ/m³. (BH)max is intuitive and convenient for comparing frequently-used sintered Neodymium magnet grades, or even between different permanent magnetic material.